How to Diagnose a BMW

All modern BMW designs utilize a selection of analytic systems. Accessing all of them demands specialised components. With respect to the system you want to interact, obtaining a scanning device as well as rule audience might be both difficult or perhaps tough and expensive autel auto scanner. 2nd technology On-Board Analytic readers are the at their most effective and straightforward to get. Others, including Supplemental Discipline Method air flow bags, aren't easily accessible for the common buyer. Regardless of program, the whole process of rescuing codes and reaching an analysis is analogous.

Directions
Open the BMW's driver-side entrance. Check out the leg-space under the dash panel. There, you will discover Of sixteen pin-receiving Data Website link Connector. This DLC outlet can be highlighted in various spots, based on the style of 325i repairs you might be working with. Some may readily witnessed, nevertheless other people could possibly be undetectable behind a good entry solar panel. Should you have problems locating your BMW's DLC store, there is an online request that may assist (observe Sources).

Hook up your analysis mobile on the DLC wall socket. For most products, it is a equivalent course of action. The reader or even a code reader generally includes a analysis cable tv using a 16-prong put. Hook up your cable on the device, as well as select the particular wire in the DLC wall socket.

Swap your own unit on. Then glide your BMW's crucial in the car's ignition. Exchange signal of "On.In . This can activate the BMW's electric powered variety. With regards to the oral appliance the device you might be working with, you may even need an lively engine. If it is the truth, commence the car or truck's serp at the moment.

Wait a couple of seconds to a minute. The unit and the automobile's analytical technique may establish a link. A few units, as soon as the inbound data flow is found, will instantly obtain energetic difficulty rules. Unless you have a very system preprogrammed to accomplish this, talk to your headset's guide book. Key options and also standard design differ by brand and sort of analysis portable. Your current lamps guide can depth the complete directions regarding how to enter a code-retrieving demand.

Look over the actual rules on the lamps screen. The way the codes are displayed in addition depends on the unit you are using. OBD-II requirements are alphanumeric, and the first page of the problems code can designate in which the problem is positioned. Anti-locking foot brake rules are generally purely statistical. Several devices will also distinguish the code's standing. Any kind of program code shown since "pending" tend to be sporadic doesn't work properly; these complications have not stimulated one of your BMW's forewarning lighting.

Copy the productive difficulty rules on to an outside notepad. If you use many scanning device along with trouble shooting many analytical program, be sure you categorize this list. Tips are of help approaches to arrange difficulty unique codes. This runs specifically true regarding OBD-II diagnostics, which usually serves as an umbrella for several forms of codes. As an illustration, P-codes cover your BMW's powertrain, even though T, H, and also You requirements deal with your body, body and also system marketing communications program.

Research every program code ripped from your Mercedes. A number of gadget handbooks will certainly incorporate coding definitions. OBD-II readers, by way of example, provide generic html coding lists great for almost all post-1996 autos. Nonetheless, you'll have to go online to get BMW's supplemental OBD-II rules. Generally speaking, a vehicle's owner's manual will not include html coding meanings for almost any diagnostic technique. Nonetheless, difficulty rules may be easily obtained online (discover Resources).

Duplicate the correct definitions on their corresponding problems rules. Go through each of the explanations and make a selection. If you possess the physical expertise best gm mdi, you can try Do-it-yourself repairs upon a few of the difficulties. Nonetheless, a number of diagnostic systems, like Ab muscles tires, have become complex and should be postponed to a skilled auto technician.

Take your program code record along with you, if you want to talk to any BMW-certified technician. This list will save you take advantage diagnostic service fees.

Nyquist filter - China OBD II Auto Scanner

Diagnostic Tools for Trucks Back In analogue Television program transmission a brand new aesthetic radio frequency (Radio wave) incite is now by way of amplitude modulation (Was); as an example, video plan code (VF) modulates every single bag. On the subject of Was two symmetric sidebands breakout , every single and every filled up with precise identical tips. Therefore the Rf bandwidth is two time normally VF data transfer useage . In particular, some Radio wave bandwidth the VF reception with a data transfer rate of predominantly 4.2Megahertz, should be eight.4Megahertz. (Strategy T) Internet site so as to your broadcast rock band much more proficiently, a single sideband is normally covered up. Conversely, it really improbable for you personally to manage 1 sideband entirely devoid of affecting the other. Also, an exceptionally sudden border narrow trait purposes untolerable postpone circumstances.

To become capable a fantastic undermine, the standard narrow is which typically lessen a massive element of 1 for reds wrist band not getting obtaining initiating massive holdup hang ups. Exactly what a pool filter is vestigial end group form of filtration (VSB). Example involving an VSBVSB In multilevel W its VF bandwith normally is 5Mhz. With suppression, the related ocular Rf bandwith wants to become 10Megahertz. (Right Here, position behind aural warning is regarded as omitted for the sake of simplification.) But Nonetheless , through the VSB filtering, ones powerpoint visual Radio wave bandwidth is now much more lower into 6.25Mhz; 5Megahertz of hospitality attire sideband and just 1.25Megahertz utilizing the a number of sideband. ( Each of the take care of home along in the suppressed sideband is unquestionably in between 0 but 0.75Mhz there is not an reductions.) At the moment selection, 3.75Mhz is actually economised, which implies to get a comparable band allotted for several transmitting, the sheer number of Television set assistance adds to sonata's are going to be one with half fold. When VSB safeguard you against applied with transmissions, difficulty comes though demodulation.

When 0 - 0.75Megahertz regional area gets two less notable happens to become, the area a whole lot greater than 1.25Mhz only has one particular for reds ring. ( for instance, 0 - 0.75Megahertz website is usually double sideband and also the spot above 1.25Mhz is only single sideband ) Thereby, the condition of every single of our demodulated rule 0 - 0.75Mhz section is very substantially 6 dB when compared with the volume inside the area over and above 1.25Megahertz. Taking into consideration That excessive volume elements of VF indicate match superior account details and also shade of subcarrier, one distinct demodulation leads to falling the specific exhaustive food portions also as , hues vividness by way of the arena for lower shown portions in conjunction with idea. That allows you to equilise time oftenness so fantastic quantity associated with all of the VF enterprise, a sieve generally known as Nyquist sieve are going to be close to stereos. Relating to filtering system, that is used just before you get started demodulation, serves as a minimal pass filter now with six dB reductions the distinct intermediate frequency (As long as) service.

As a result the degree of double sideband element of a single unique VF sign is devoid of query suppressed due to the fact earliest ring advantage commonly is rebuilt period capacity of demodulator. The patience hides in the Nyquist form of filtration This requirements listed here are some recommended to attain sound lock in somewhere claim. Application C (You've got G , L inside the UHF strap) refers to program human body discovered within the large majority of economies. Application T refers to message course of action all through The Actual. -6.4 to ensure you - five.7 Gordon C.Sovereign:1st timers Guige to be able to Colouring The Media,Newnes tech Info,Butterworth & Co. Newcastle, 1973 pp.99 Categories: Electronics Market Telecoms Tv Shows technologyHidden ways: Website Content with no origins by way in the Fall Of 2009 Some content articles without obtaining providers The e-commerce company in China offers quality products such as China OBD II Auto Scanner , China Diagnostic Tools for Trucks, and more. For more , please visit Diagnostic Tools for Trucks today!

The best way to Diagnose an Audi

Plug the code reader into your diagnostic port positioned underneath your Audi's steering wheel.

Insert your Audi's key into the ignition and turn it for the "Accessories" position in order that the car's electronics are activated. br />
Power on the code scan tool and allow it to scan for the diagnostic codes.

Write down the diagnostic codes as they appear on the screen.

Check the diagnostic codes that you received from the against a table of the diagnostic codes available for your car.

Tips on how to Examine the Output of a Chevrolet Alternator

Start the vehicle. If it doesn't start off, attach the battery pack to the battery. Try and start the . If the automobile still will not commence and you know the battery is dead, charge the battery together with the charger for at least six hours.

Set the voltmeter to 20 volts. Touch the good battery terminal using the red lead. Touch the negative battery terminal with the black lead.

Read the output of the alternator. In the event the voltmeter is putting out 13.5 to 14.5 volts, the alternator is properly charging the battery. Test the alternator further by turning on all the lights and the heater. The voltage should drop for a second or two, but should go back up to no less than 13 volts. If not, the alternator is charging, but not well.

Turn off the Chevrolet. Hold the voltmeter's red lead on the positive battery terminal and the black lead on the unfavorable terminal. Have a helper get started the vehicle while you watch the voltmeter. If the volt meter drops below 10 volts, the alternator is not putting out enough amperage and should be replaced before it quits completely.

GM Particular Service Tools

GM MDI
The Common Motors MDI is often a diagnostic tool used on automobiles assembled from 1996 to present day. The particular tools connect straight to the automobile to transfer details in the car's onboard ECU network. The device works with wireless, Ethernet and USB connections /a>. Accessories readily available for the GM MDI tool incorporate a carrying situation, Ethernet cable, USB cable and wireless card.

Tech 2 Common GM Kit
The Tech two is a handheld GM particular tool that aids translate the information and facts the vehicle's onboard electronic system. It assists technicians in diagnosing and repairing vehicle's electronic systems. The tool performs on automobile from 1996 to the present. The gear operate with application and can update from authorized Techline terminals. The devices retrieve diagnostic difficulty codes and display the benefits from a diagnostic test. Accessories for the Tech 2 involve an adapter, battery and hand straps.

Tire Pressure Documentation Kit
The Tire Pressure Documentation Kit allows technicians to record and store exact tire pressure readings of an automobile . The device notes readings for automobiles that have a gross vehicle weight under 10,000 lbs. It also communicates with the shop perform area via wireless connection.

Automotive Laptop Reprogramming Tools

CarDAQ-Plus
This tool is created to perform with any variety of controller place network (CAN), which can be typically identified in newer model cars and trucks. This tool comes with both a universal serial bus (USB) port and an Ethernet port, which allows you to connect this tool to your laptop. This tool aids you diagnose difficulties on CAN vehicles, and you can use this tool to re-flash the personal computer systems. Other features of this tool involve that it comes with expansion slots, which permit you to add memory and further functionality, as well as the method could be upgraded by way of firmware updates. As of 2010, this tool costs $1,638, and is manufactured by Drew Technologies. It is targeted to industry specialists and smaller automotive repair shops.

Race Technology
This re-flashing application is for Race Technologies solutions, and this can be a totally free item. You just need to download it from the business web site. This tool is compatible with Windows XP, Vista and 7, and this re-flashing application enables you to delete stored facts. Then, the software will update the program with all the most current firmware updates, which contain security and software program updates. These updates could also right items like emission, transmission and fuel economic climate problems. It's essential to plug your device into either a personal computer or perhaps a laptop given that this is where you might install the software.

Universal Reprogrammer
The Universal Reprogrammer is compatible with General Motors (GM), Toyota, Ford and Chrysler vehicles, and it enables you to re-flash your program using the same application updates as the dealer does. This really is a stand-alone tool, and it uses a wizard to guide you through the process . Other functions of this reprogrammer contain that it comes with its own scan tool, and it really is compatible with Windows XP with the Service Pack 3 (SP3), Vista and 7, and it can be only compatible with 32-bit systems. As of 2010, the Universal Reprogrammer expenses between $1,000 and $2,395 if you want a wired connection, and it fees between $1,000 and $2,495 if you would like a wireless connection.

Auto Technician Electrical Tools

Test Light
A test light is employed to verify for electrical continuity within a circuit and aids to ascertain if power is present within the circuit being tested. The typical test light resembles a screwdriver and will have a light bulb inside of a clear manage, a lengthy wire ending in a clamp attached for the deal with, and a pointed metal probe opposite the deal with. The test light is utilized by connecting the clamp to a solid metal ground, and touching the pointed probe to the connections or wires to become tested . If the light bulb inside the handle lights up, the circuit is energized and receiving electrical power, if it does not, there exists a break someplace within the circuit.

Multi-Meter
A multi-meter is often a solid state device which is applied to measure the amperage, volts, and resistance within circuits. To test for amperage, the device is connected as a direct a part of the circuit to become tested. This causes the electrical energy within the circuit to pass via the multi-meter, which then measures the total amperage passing by means of the circuit.

To test for volts, the multi-meter is connected parallel towards the circuit to be tested, not inside the circuit itself. The multi-meter then can measure the total voltage present inside the circuit and reveal drops and modifications in voltages as various variables or situations are checked inside the circuit.

To test ohms, or resistance to the flow of electrical current within a circuit, the multi-meter is connected towards the component or circuit to be tested exactly where it then measures how much resistance the circuit or element has for the flow of current. The readings are when compared with the manufacturer's specifications on the circuit or element and reveal when the resistance is within the appropriate range.

Jumper Wires
Jumper wires are simply pieces of wire that have clips, probes, or clamps on each end. They are made use of to bypass sections of a circuit in order to isolate faults or breaks within the circuit, and to test for component failures. To find breaks inside the circuit, one end with the jumper wire will be connected to a known good connection, and the other connected to different points along the circuit until a fault is found. To test a element the jumper wires will be utilized to connect the electrical component directly to a energy source to determine when the component operates or not.

Scanner
A scanner, or code reader as it is sometimes called, is a portable device which connects to the diagnostic computer port of a vehicle and reads the error codes contained inside the vehicles onboard computer. Each of these error codes relates to a specific problem or failure inside the engine or electrical system . These codes are then utilized to identify the source of your problem by comparing them to the manufacturers list of code error descriptions.

Auto Mechanical Tools

Timing Light
Timing lights have develop into a have to have tool for the automotive mechanic. These gun shaped tools are essentially strobe lights powered by the automobiles ignition that happen to be applied to illuminate the timing markers on the automobiles timing belt or timing chain. The strobe impact freezes the timing markers and aids the mechanic correctly diagnose and right any timing complications that may be present.

Engine Lift
Also generally known as an engine crane or a cherry picker, the engine lift is an vital tool in removing an engine. Generally, repairs require that the engine in the car or truck be removed or are only a lot easier with it out, which include body operate. Seeing as an engine weighs greater than the average mechanic can lift, the engine lift becomes a life, and back, saver. It operates by attaching a heavy duty chain to the engine and utilizing a cantilever crank to pull the engine up and out with the engine bay.

Spring Compressor
When doing complex suspension perform, it could be necessary for the mechanic to temporarily remove or outright replace the suspensions springs. Since they are built to support the hefty weight of a vehicle, compressing them enough to get back in place is impossible without the aid of a spring compressor. These very simple tools  apply much far more force and do so much additional evenly than a human is possible of and holds the compressed spring, freeing the mechanics hands to place it without worry of sudden decompression.

Auto Mechanic Duties & Responsibilities

Perform Diagnostic Tests
In order for an automobile mechanic to fix a car's problem, he must put the car's engine through a series of diagnostic tests. After conferring with the owner of the car with the problem and questioning the owner about the exact problems the owner is encountering with the car , the auto mechanic will bring out the proper electronic diagnosing tools and begin the diagnostic process. The mechanic must run the car's engine through enough tests so he will know exactly what section of the car's engine needs to be repaired immediately to stop the problem.

Perform Tune-ups
Using specific car-tuning tools such as a carburetor injector tool in order to perform a complete car tune-up, an important auto mechanic job duty is to help maintain a car's engine. Performing these types of thorough tune-ups on a variety of cars in the regular work week, the auto mechanic will also change an automobile's spark plugs, align a car's transmission belt and change the car's oil filters in order to complete the tune-up properly.

Repair Air Conditioning
When the harsh summer months bring high temperatures to most of the country, a car's air-conditioning system is fully taxed. At these times, an automobile's air-conditioning system will need to be serviced or repaired completely if the need arises. An auto mechanic's main responsibility is to diagnose why an automobile's air-conditioning system is not working properly and then either put more freon into the car's A/C system to help solve the issue, or she will take the A/C system apart and replace the failed parts of the A/C system itself.

Examines Belts and Hoses
During routine auto mechanic jobs such as changing a car's oil or rotating an automobile's tires, a major duty of the auto mechanic is to examine a car's belts and hoses for any signs of wear and tear /a>. By lifting the car up on a hydraulic lift, the mechanic is able to look at a car's driving belt and radiator hoses as well as check for signs of leakage in the car's oil pan. If the auto mechanic finds any problems with these car parts, he will inform the car's owner about the problems and give the owner an estimate for fixing the hoses, oil pans or belts.

Biolab signs an agreement with R-Biopharm AG

Biolab — the sole Biomnis dealer in the Kingdom — recently signed an agreement with R-Biopharm AG, Germany, a market leader in the field of scientific research and medicine.

The agreement was signed by Biolab CEO, Dr. Amid Abdelnoor and R-Biopharm AG CEO, Dr. Ralf Dreher. Through its terms and conditions , Biolab will be using R-Biopharm AG's "IMUPRO 100Plus" tests while also collaborating with R-Biopharm AG in joint ventures of scientific research.

"IMUPRO 100Plus" is an innovative blood test that can detect delayed food allergies. It proves effective for finding cures for digestive track complications, weight-gain, headaches, muscle pain, eating disorders, sleeping disorders, skin disease and other health problems.

Commenting on the agreement signed, Biolab CEO, Dr. Amid Abdel-Nour said "We are proud to be collaborating with a market leader like R-Biopharm AG as this agreement enables us to further fulfill our role as elevators of public health standards and sustainable health practices for members of our Jordanian community. We achieve this goal be promoting healthier practices for the individual and in turn healthier lifestyles."

He added, "We at Biolab are always keen on playing a key role in the development of the local health sector, a goal we work towards by introducing the latest field innovations, practices, and products to our clients. Our pioneering position in the market would not have been possible without our remarkable team of skilled members ensuring client satisfaction."

Significantly, Biolab is a pioneer in applying advances in medicine and science to laboratory testing. It provides a broad range of medical diagnostic services to individuals, physicians, hospitals and other laboratories including its signature "biomarital" and biofood300" tests . Leveraging on cutting-edge technology, high caliber staff and an extensive HMO and bank affiliate network, Biolab offers its patients an unparalleled premium experience, prioritizing reliability, and accountability. Through its branches located across Amman it offers convenience to its clients.

Intelligent, industrial UPS solutions

Loss of power constantly threatens to disrupt control systems in every industry. A loss of power, however brief, can cause multiple issues from process disruption to component damage and loss of revenue . The latest generation of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) takes the guesswork out of implementing an industrial level battery back-up solution to prevent process downtime.

For years, most panel builders and users would simply place an inexpensive “consumer electronics” level UPS at the bottom of the cabinet in order to withstand just a few minutes of a power interruption. The issues with using these UPS systems are numerous and can cause headaches when dealing with maintenance. The biggest issue with this style of UPS package is the battery. Most of these UPS systems do not have the ability to provide any insight into the performance or health of the battery. This prompts the common practice of replacing the battery on a scheduled maintenance cycle—whether the battery needs to be replaced or not.

Advanced UPS systems now available for control cabinets solve these battery maintenance issues. Instead of guessing when it is time to replace the battery or using a service schedule, high-end UPS platforms indicate the lifespan of the batteries. Not only do they provide a “state-of-charge” indication, they also provide a “state-of-health” and “state-of-function” indication. “State of health” provides real-time feedback as to the immediate availability of the battery. It provides a 0-100 percent scale indicating how well the battery is working. It also shows when it is time to change the battery out for a new one, using a year and month countdown function. The advanced features of these UPS products will provide a diagnostic output, usually either through a dry contact or software indication when the battery life reaches a pre-determined level. Advanced UPSs allow this to be configured by the user. These functions allow the customer to change the battery on a “just-in-time” schedule rather than replacing the battery before its time has come.

Other issues with using classic, inexpensive UPS units include: scalability, output voltage, monitoring, and configurability. Because the classic UPS batteries are internal, there is no possible way to change the battery capacity. In many situations, this causes users to buy a much larger UPS than necessary just so they can have a longer run-time. The advanced UPS products available for the industrial control cabinet (UL508 applications) are of a multi-piece design. The typical topology is a three-piece product grouping. This includes an AC/DC power supply, a UPS control unit, and an external battery module. Using a multi-product solution has quite a few advantages. Primarily, it allows users to fully scale their solution to the size required.

With a single housing product, you are locked into a predetermined wattage size and back-up time. With a modular solution, you can scale the UPS output, usually from 60 watts up to 960 watts. The battery can also be scaled to the back-up time that is required. Many solutions provide batteries from 1.3Ah to 38Ah capacity. Having the ability to select the UPS size and the battery size individually allows users a wide range of applications—and they only need to pay for the sizing that the solution requires. This modularity also creates a solution that can provide battery back-up power lasting for only a few minutes or over several days.

When it comes to battery maintenance, a modular solution is ideal for customers. When the UPS does indicate that it is time to replace the battery, maintenance personnel do not have to shut down the process. They easily put the UPS into “service-mode” and disconnect and replace the battery cells. New battery housing designs even eliminate the need to remove anything from the DIN rail. A “trap door” opens to easily remove the battery cells from the assembly. With the UPS having a service-mode setting, the UPS only bypasses the battery circuit, continuing to provide output power from the power supply to the load. This function allows the process to continue running without loss of time or revenue.

All mainstream UPS solutions used in control panels (classic style or DIN rail) utilize some type of lead acid-based battery technology. Most common are valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries. They are of a time-tested technology and have become the commonly used battery because of their charge density and cost point. However, the overriding constraint in their use is the limited temperature range needed for optimal operation. On average, it is between 0°-40°C (32°-104°F). In an outdoor application or on a factory floor, this range can be easily surpassed. The higher or lower the operational temperature, the more limited the battery’s lifespan. To resolve this issue, the highest level DIN-rail UPS products are now capable of using not only VLRA batteries, but also wide temperature range (WTR) VLRA batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and dual-layer capacitor storage devices. These UPS systems automatically detect what energy storage device is connected and configures the charging parameters to fit the requirements of that device. Lithium-ion and dual-layer capacitor technologies provide an extended temperature range, as well as a much longer operational lifetime (see Table 1).

Another issue in dealing with most of the classic UPS solutions—and even many of today’s DIN-rail mount UPS solutions—is that they typically are only available in 120 V AC output configurations. With more control systems now running completely on 24 V DC, they become less of a viable solution because an intermediary 120 V AC to 24 V DC power supply is required—adding cost and size to the system.

With 24 V DC control circuits so prevalent in control systems, it becomes illogical to use an AC UPS on a primarily 24 V DC panel. Many of the 24 V DC-based UPS solutions are designed as “offline” products. This simply means that the UPS and battery circuit sit in a standby mode until the battery is needed. The UPS allows the DC current and voltage to flow through the UPS undisturbed. When the UPS senses a loss of power from the input source (power supply), the UPS will switch to the battery as the primary power source. Advanced systems are also considered “bump-less.” The UPS has a specific amount of capacitance built in that can provide the full amount of rated output power while the UPS transfers from the main input power to battery storage device. This prevents the UPS output voltage from dropping below the voltage range of the loads connected to it, such as a PLC or an industrial PC.

Once in battery mode, more advanced UPS products are capable of enacting a safe shutdown sequence of either the PLC or PC. When connected to a PC, the UPS is able to provide commands that allow a secondary piece of archival software to be launched, saving critical system data before the shutdown is completed. After the PC has been fully shut down, the UPS is also able to automatically restart a DC-powered PC once the main input power has returned, eliminating the need to have someone physically start the PC.

A major advancement with the latest UPS technology is with software and diagnostic tools. Most of the systems that have been available only had basic forms of feedback either through LED indicators, relay outputs, or a rudimentary software interface, typically through an RS232 connection. Advanced UPS systems now have expanded software capabilities that not only provide real-time status to the UPS and connected batteries, but also provide the ability to configure the operational behavior of the UPS.

New software packages allow users to view performance status of the battery packs that includes voltage, current, temperature, and battery size. If multiple batteries are connected in parallel to expand runtime, the user will be able to view each battery cell individually. Users are also able to modify how the onboard diagnostic relay contacts work. Relay contacts can be reassigned to provide an output of battery lifetime, performance level, and other options. This flexibility indicates to users when a specific problem has occurred with the power system. Advanced software features also allow users to send an email when specific conditions are met. These emails can contain pre-defined messages that provide maintenance personnel with particular work instructions. The software will also data-log every event that happens with the input power, battery status, and alarm conditions.

The newest versions of these UPS systems also become addressable locations on a network. Interfaces, such as Modbus-RTU and EtherNet/IP, provide access to the monitoring information without using a software interface on a PC. This also allows a single HMI location to poll multiple UPS locations for battery and power status of each.

With advanced software, expanded battery options, and easy maintenance and modularity, recent UPS innovations provide more flexibility than ever before. These UPS products take much of the guesswork out of the implementation of a battery back-up system. From auto battery recognition to email capabilities, these solutions are the most intelligent solutions available.

China's software industry witnesses sluggish growth in H1

BEIJING: China's software industry grew at a moderate 10.6 per cent in the first half of 2012 compared to the robust 35.2 per cent last year due to the economic slowdown both at home and abroad, the government said on Sunday. 

The software sector's combined profits totaled 117 billion yuan (18.48 billion US dollars) in the first half, up 10.6 per cent from one year earlier, but the pace of growth slowed from 35.2 per cent surge in the same period last year, ministry of industry and information technology said.  

Business revenue climbed 26.2 per cent year on year to 1.1 trillion yuan in the January-June period, down 3.1 percentage points than the growth in the same period last year, the state-run Xinhua news agency reported. 

In the first six months, the sector's exports rose 11.7 per cent to 16.24 billion US dollars, 6 percentage points lower from the same period last year.

Analysts attributed the industry's slower growth to intensifying competition and weak external demand, the report said. 

Japan's June auto diecasting aluminum shipments rise 14% on year to 39,654 mt

Japan's shipments of secondary aluminum alloy for diecast automotive components in June were 39,654 mt, up 14% year on year amid stable automotive output, Japan Aluminum Alloy Refiners Association said Monday.

The June shipments rose from May's 37,622 mt due to more operating days during the month.

Japan's automotive production in June was 769,251 vehicles, up 23.9% year on year, and up 14.4% from a month earlier, according to Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association.

"June was not too bad as domestic smelters were able to run their plants as scheduled. But they have concerns about demand possibly falling from October, due to the end of government car purchase subsidy program," said Shoji Matsunaga, the association secretary general. The subsidy program, designed to encourage spread of fuel-efficient vehicles, is likely to end during the current quarter as the government budget is running low, the Japanese automakers have said.

The total secondary aluminum alloy shipments including those for steelmaking, housing components and other applications were 68,019 mt, up 6.9% year on year and up 5% from a month ago.

Meanwhile, secondary aluminum alloy imports from China in June were 30,325 mt, down from 38,682 mt in May. The imports from China are mostly auto diecasting alloys and compete with the Japanese domestic productions.

"Import volumes from China are affected by the exchange rate. The dollar was relatively strong in June, but I hear in July import volumes started to increase again due to the weaker dollar," Matsunaga said.